@article{Esmaeilkhah2024,

title = {Spatial Sensitivity of Navigation using Signal-of- Opportunity (SoOP) from Starlink, Iridium-Next, GlobalStar, OneWeb and Orbcomm Constellations},

author = {Ahmad Esmaeilkhah and Rene Jr. Landry},

editor = {MDPI},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-09-26},

urldate = {2024-09-26},

journal = {MDPI-Sensors},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {forthcoming},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokeyb,

title = {Reinforcement and Deep Learning for Drone Autonomous Navigation and Collision Avoidance},

author = {Bilal Alchalabi and Neda Navidi and Rene Jr. Landry},

editor = {IEEE},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-09-20},

journal = {Transactions on Intelligent Vehicles},

volume = {1-13},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {forthcoming},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Shakibafar2024,

title = {An Adaptive RF Front-End Architecture for Multi-Band SDR in Avionics},

author = {Behnam Shakibafar and Farzan Farhangian and Jean-Marc Gagné and Rene Jr. Landry and Frederic Nabki},

editor = {MDPI},

url = {https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/18/5963, Paper Link},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.3390/s24185963},

issn = {1424-8220},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-09-14},

urldate = {2024-09-14},

journal = {MDPI-Sensors},

volume = {24},

issue = {18},

abstract = {This study introduces a reconfigurable and agile RF front-end (RFFE) architecture that significantly enhances the performance of software-defined radios (SDRs) by seamlessly adjusting to varying signal requirements, frequencies, and protocols. This flexibility greatly enhances spectrum utilization, signal integrity, and overall system efficiency—critical factors in aviation, where reliable communication, navigation, and surveillance systems are vital for safety. A versatile RF front-end is thus indispensable, enhancing connectivity and safety standards. We explore the integration of this flexible RF front-end in SDRs, focusing on the detailed design of essential components, such as receivers, transmitters, RF switches, combiners, and splitters, and their corresponding RF pathways. Comprehensive performance evaluations confirm the architecture’s reliability and functionality, including an extensive analysis of receiver gain, linearity, and two-tone test results. These assessments validate the architecture’s suitability for aviation radios and address considerations of size, weight, and power-cost (SWaP-C), demonstrating significant gains in operational efficiency and cost-effectiveness. The introduction of the new RF front-end on a single SDR board not only substantially reduces size and weight but also adds up to 18 dB gain to the received signal. It also allows for a high level of design flexibility, enabling seamless software transitions between different radios and the capacity to manage three times more radios with the same hardware, thereby significantly boosting the system’s ability to handle multiple radio channels efficiently.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokeyd,

title = {Indirect Kalman filter to improve zero-velocity detectors for foot-mounted inertial navigation system over long trajectories},

author = {Samir Zemam and Bilal Alchalabi and Rene Jr. Landry},

editor = {IEEE},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-09-13},

journal = {Sensors},

volume = {1-10},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {forthcoming},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokeye,

title = {Applying Pre-trained Artificial Intelligence Algorithms to IMU-Only Pedestrian Navigation},

author = {Bilal Alchalabi and Rene Jr. Landry},

editor = {IEEE},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-09-11},

journal = {Transactions on Artificial Intelligence},

volume = {1-12},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {forthcoming},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokeyf,

title = {Estimation of the Effect of Single Source of RF Interference on an Airborne GNSS Receiver, A Theoretical Study and Parametric Simulation},

author = {Ahmad Esmaeilkhah and Rene Jr. Landry},

editor = {MDPI},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-09-08},

journal = {MDPI-Engineering Proceedings},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {forthcoming},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Bensoussan2024,

title = {Decentralized Control in the Frequency Domain and in the Time Domain},

author = {David Bensoussan and Azeddine Ghodbane and Maher Hammami},

editor = {Springer},

url = {https://espace2.etsmtl.ca/id/eprint/29051, ETS Link 

https://lassena.etsmtl.ca/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/2024_352-23-00708R2.pdf, Download PDF},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-07-30},

urldate = {2024-07-30},

journal = {Springer},

abstract = {Reduced sensitivity within a constrained frequency range has been linked to decentralized control, particularly in cases where the multivariable system exhibits weak coupling, such as being ultimately diagonally dominant, particularly at high frequencies. Presented is an innovative control method named B-control aimed at achieving 

decentralized control, focusing on crafting a high-gain diagonal compensator customized for a multi-input-multioutput (MIMO) frequency response system that is both unstable and invertible. This approach integrates quasi-linear 

control with sensitivity considerations, offering the advantage of simultaneous optimization in both the time and 

frequency domains. The proposed method results in less conservative controller gains determined by leveraging the 

multivariable Nyquist criteria, thus enhancing practicality. Robust stability and adaptive control schemes can also 

benefit from the advantages of the B-control method},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Eghmazi2024,

title = {Enhancing IoT Data Security: Using the Blockchain to Boost Data Integrity and Privacy},

author = {Ali Eghmazi and Mohammadhossein Ataei and René Jr Landry and Guy Chevrette},

url = {https://www.mdpi.com/2624-831X/5/1/2, Paper link 

https://lassena.etsmtl.ca/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/J05-Enhancing-IoT-Data-Security-Using-the-Blockchain-to-Boost-Data-Integrity-and-Privacy-3.pdf, Download PDF},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.3390/iot5010002},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-01-10},

urldate = {2024-01-10},

journal = {MDPI-IoT},

volume = {5},

issue = {1},

pages = {20-34},

abstract = {The Internet of Things (IoT) is a technology that can connect billions of devices or “things” to other devices (machine to machine) or even to people via an existing infrastructure. IoT applications in real-world scenarios include smart cities, smart houses, connected appliances, shipping, monitoring, smart supply chain management, and smart grids. As the number of devices all over the world is increasing (in all aspects of daily life), huge amounts of data are being produced as a result. New issues are therefore arising from the use and development of current technologies, regarding new applications, regulation, cloud computing, security, and privacy. The blockchain has shown promise in terms of securing and preserving the privacy of users and data, in a decentralized manner. In particular, Hyperledger Fabric v2.x is a new generation of blockchain that is open source and offers versatility, modularity, and performance. In this paper, a blockchain as a service (BaaS) application based on Hyperledger Fabric is presented to address the security and privacy challenges associated with the IoT. A new architecture is introduced to enable this integration, and is developed and deployed, and its performance is analyzed in real-world scenarios. We also propose a new data structure with encryption based on public and private keys for enhanced security and privacy.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Shakerian2023,

title = {Calibration of 3-Axis Low-Cost Magnetometer Using the Least Square Ellipsoid Fitting Algorithm},

author = {Ali Shakerian and Saoussen Bilel and Rene Jr. Landry},

editor = {International Journal Sensors and Sensor Networks},

url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijssn.20231101.13, Paper Link 

https://lassena.etsmtl.ca/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/J09-Calibration-of-3-Axis-Low-Cost-Magnetometer-Using-the-Least-Square-Ellipsoid-Fitting-Algorithm-1.pdf, Download PDF},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijssn.20231101.13},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-08-09},

urldate = {2023-08-09},

volume = {11},

issue = {1},

pages = {18-24},

abstract = {This paper presents a calibration method for low-cost 3-axis magnetometers using the least square ellipsoid fitting algorithm. The aim of the calibration process is to reduce noise and mitigate the effects of magnetic interferences and instrumentation errors, thereby enhancing the accuracy and reliability of magnetometer measurements. By collecting data while moving the sensor in arbitrary directions, the calibration parameters are estimated, including magnetic disturbances (soft iron and hard iron effects) and instrumental errors (scale factor, nonorthogonality, and bias). The measured data are modeled as a combination of these errors, and the calibration parameters are obtained by solving a quadratic form equation using the least square ellipsoid fitting algorithm. The results demonstrate that the proposed calibration method using the least square ellipsoid fitting algorithm provides a valuable contribution to the field of magnetometer calibration, with the calibrated data exhibiting a better fit to the surface of an ellipsoid compared to the original magnetometer data, indicating its effectiveness, achieving 90% accuracy in magnetometer calibration of module MPU-9250. The proposed calibration method offers several advantages, including its simplicity and cost-effectiveness. Furthermore, the real-time capability of the algorithm makes it suitable for applications that require continuous calibration, ensuring accurate and reliable measurements over time. The integration of the calibration method into the intelligent IMU Sensor (IIS) further enhances its practicality and applicability in real-world scenarios.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Rizvi2023,

title = {A Meta-Learning Approach for Aircraft Trajectory Prediction},

author = {Syed Ibtehaj Raza Rizvi and Jamal Habibi Markani and Rene Jr. Landry},

url = {https://doi.org/10.4236/cn.2023.152004, Paper Link 

https://lassena.etsmtl.ca/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/J11-A-Meta-Learning-Approach-for-Aircraft-Trajectory-Prediction-6.pdf, Download PDF},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.4236/cn.2023.152004},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-05-31},

urldate = {2023-05-31},

journal = {Communications and Network},

volume = {15},

issue = {2},

abstract = {The aviation industry has seen significant advancements in safety procedures over the past few decades, resulting in a steady decline in aviation deaths worldwide. However, the safety standards in General Aviation (GA) are still lower compared to those in commercial aviation. With the anticipated growth in air travel, there is an imminent need to improve operational safety in GA. One way to improve aircraft and operational safety is through trajectory prediction. Trajectory prediction plays a key role in optimizing air traffic control and improving overall flight safety. This paper proposes a meta-learning approach to predict short- to mid-term trajectories of aircraft using historical real flight data collected from multiple GA aircraft. The proposed solution brings together multiple models to improve prediction accuracy. In this paper, we are combining two models, Random Forest Regression (RFR) and Long Short-term Memory (LSTM), using k-Nearest Neighbors (k-NN), to output the final prediction based on the combined output of the individual models. This approach gives our model an edge over single-model predictions. We present the results of our meta-learner and evaluate its performance against individual models using the Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Absolute Altitude Error (AAE), and Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) evaluation metrics. The proposed methodology for aircraft trajectory forecasting is discussed in detail, accompanied by a literature review and an overview of the data preprocessing techniques used. The results demonstrate that the proposed meta-learner outperforms individual models in terms of accuracy, providing a more robust and proactive approach to improve operational safety in GA.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Markani2023b,

title = {ADS-B Reception Error Correction Based on the LSTM Neural-Network Model},

author = {Jamal Habibi Markani and Syed Ibtehaj Raza Rizvi and Abdessamad Amrhar and Jean-Marc Gagné and Rene Jr. Landry},

editor = {scirp},

url = {https://doi.org/10.4236/cn.2023.152003, PDF Link 

https://lassena.etsmtl.ca/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/J08-ADS-B-Reception-Error-Correction-Based-on-the-LSTM-Neural-Network-Model-1.pdf, Download PDF},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.4236/cn.2023.152003},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-05-09},

urldate = {2023-05-09},

journal = {Communications and Network},

volume = {15(2)},

number = {25-42},

abstract = {Standard automatic dependent surveillance broadcast (ADS-B) reception algorithms offer considerable performance at high signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs). However, the performance of ADS-B algorithms in applications can be problematic at low SNRs and in high interference situations, as detecting and decoding techniques may not perform correctly in such circumstances. In addition, conventional error correction algorithms have limitations in their ability to correct errors in ADS-B messages, as the bit and confidence values may be declared inaccurately in the event of low SNRs and high interference. The principal goal of this paper is to deploy a Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) recurrent neural network model for error correction in conjunction with a conventional algorithm. The data of various flights are collected and cleaned in an initial stage. The clean data is divided randomly into training and test sets. Next, the LSTM model is trained based on the training dataset, and then the model is evaluated based on the test dataset. The proposed model not only improves the ADS-B In packet error correction rate (PECR), but it also enhances the ADS-B In terms of sensitivity. The performance evaluation results reveal that the proposed scheme is achievable and efficient for the avionics industry. It is worth noting that the proposed algorithm is not dependent on conventional algorithms’ prerequisites.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{eprints_etsmtl227290,

title = {A Secure ZUPT-aided indoor navigation system using blockchain in GNSS-denied environments},

author = {Ali Shakerian and Ali Eghmazi and Justin Goasdoué and René J. Landry},

editor = {MDPI},

url = {https://doi.org/10.3390/s23146393, Paper link 

https://lassena.etsmtl.ca/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/J07-A-Secure-ZUPT-Aided-Indoor-Navigation-System-Using-Blockchain-in-GNSS-Denied-Environments-1.pdf, Download PDF},

doi = {10.3390/s23146393},

issn = {1424-8220},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

urldate = {2023-01-01},

journal = {Sensors},

volume = {23},

number = {14},

abstract = {This paper proposes a novel Blockchain-based indoor navigation system that combines a 

foot-mounted dual-inertial measurement unit (IMU) setup and a zero-velocity update (ZUPT) algorithm 

for secure and accurate indoor navigation in GNSS-denied environments. The system estimates 

the user's position and orientation by fusing the data from two IMUs using an extended Kalman filter 

(EKF). The ZUPT algorithm is employed to detect and correct the error introduced by sensor drift 

during zero-velocity intervals, thus enhancing the accuracy of the position estimate. The proposed 

Low SWaP-C blockchain-based decentralized architecture ensures the security and trustworthiness 

of the system by providing an immutable and distributed ledger to store and verify the sensor data 

and navigation solutions. The proposed system is suitable for various indoor navigation applications, 

including autonomous vehicles, robots, and human tracking. The experimental results provide clear 

and compelling evidence of the effectiveness of the proposed system in ensuring the integrity, privacy, 

and security of navigation data through the utilization of blockchain technology. The system exhibits 

an impressive ability to process more than 680 transactions per second within the Hyperledger-Fabric 

framework. Furthermore, it demonstrates exceptional accuracy and robustness, with a mean RMSE 

error of 1.2 m and a peak RMSE of 3.2 during a 20 min test. By eliminating the reliance on external 

signals or infrastructure, the system offers an innovative, practical, and secure solution for indoor 

navigation in environments where GNSS signals are unavailable.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Farhangian2023,

title = {High-order pseudorange rate measurement model for multi-constellation LEO/INS integration: Case of Iridium-NEXT, Orbcomm, and Globalstar},

author = {Farzan Farhangian and René Jr Landry},

url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/09544100221113123, Paper Link 

https://lassena.etsmtl.ca/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/J17-High-order-pseudorange-rate-measurement-model-for-multi-constellation-LEOINS-integration-Case-of-Iridium-NEXT-Orbcomm-and-Globalstar.pdf, Download PDF},

doi = {10.1177/09544100221113123},

issn = {0954-4100},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

urldate = {2023-01-01},

journal = {Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part G-Journal of Aerospace Engineering},

volume = {237},

number = {4},

pages = {925–939},

abstract = {An inertial navigation method augmented by Signals of Opportunity (SOPs) of three low earth orbit (LEO) constellations is presented. The downlink signal characteristics of the Iridium-NEXT, Orbcomm, and Globalstar LEO constellations are discussed. Furthermore, a tightly coupled integration model of the inertial navigation system and high-order LEO-SOP Doppler measurement model is designed. We presented a second-order measurement model of the LEO-SOP/INS integration using a second-order extended Kalman filter in which all the unknown states of the receiver and LEO satellites are estimated. The state parameters of the second-order EKF model are the position and velocity of both the receiver and the satellites, as well as the receiver’s orientation, the clock bias, and clock drift of the LEO satellites, and the constant bias of the Inertial Measurement Unit. An experiment is performed using a ground aerial vehicle equipped with a Multi-Constellation Software-Defined Receiver (MC-SDR). The Doppler measurements are provided by observing the downlinks from multiple satellites of the Iridium-NEXT and Orbcomm constellations. As well, the predicted measurement of a Globalstar satellite is used in the designed model. The results show the positioning accuracy of less than 10 m being achieved during a dynamic ground experiment, representing an 82% precision gain as compared against the regular single constellation EKF method.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Markani2023,

title = {NextGen ADS-B software-defined reception with enhanced techniques},

author = {Jamal Habibi Markani and Abdessamad Amrhar and Jean-Marc Gagné and René Jr Landry},

url = {https://doi.org/10.3390/app13010493, Paper link 

https://lassena.etsmtl.ca/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/J13-NextGen-ADS-B-Software-Defined-Reception-with-Enhanced-Techniques.pdf, Download PDF},

doi = {10.3390/app13010493},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

urldate = {2023-01-01},

journal = {Applied Sciences},

volume = {13},

number = {1},

publisher = {MDPI},

abstract = {This paper provides research on the enhanced NextGen ADS-B reception method and its performance in laboratory and flight tests. It sheds the light on end-to-end reception techniques to comply with key requirements. ADS-B has emerged as among the most intriguing avionics for both researchers and companies since the launch of NextGen in 2009. ADS-B provides authorities with a mechanism for use in continuously monitoring the position and track of an airplane using periodic and independent broadcast messages that transmit Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) position information. The enhanced pulse detection technique is used to detect and validated preamble pulses. Besides the utilization of multiple amplitude samples technique not only improve bit and confidence declaration accuracy but also make it capable of deploying error detection/correction algorithms which are two aspects of enhanced Extended Squitter reception. In addition, applying a slow attack automatic gain control (AGC) algorithm improves system sensitivity and performance. The implementation is done in MATLAB Simulink and C++. Software Defined Radio (SDR) module, BladeRF, is used programable platform for the communication system. Subsequently, the lab experimental and flight test results show that when applying these strategies in a real environment, significant performance is achievable.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Ataei2023,

title = {Publish/subscribe method for real-time data processing in massive IoT leveraging blockchain for secured storage},

author = {Mohammadhossein Ataei and Ali Eghmazi and Ali Shakerian and René Jr. Landry and Guy Chevrette},

url = {https://doi.org/10.3390/s23249692, Paper link 

https://lassena.etsmtl.ca/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/J12-PublishSubscribe-Method-for-Real-Time-Data-Processing-in-Massive-IoT-Leveraging-Blockchain-for-Secured-Storage-2.pdf, Download PDF},

doi = {10.3390/s23249692},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

urldate = {2023-01-01},

journal = {Sensors},

volume = {23},

number = {24},

publisher = {Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)},

abstract = {In the Internet of Things (IoT) era, the surge in Machine-Type Devices (MTDs) has introduced 

Massive IoT (MIoT), opening new horizons in the world of connected devices. However, such 

proliferation presents challenges, especially in storing and analyzing massive, heterogeneous data 

streams in real time. In order to manage Massive IoT data streams, we utilize analytical database 

software such as Apache Druid version 28.0.0 that excels in real-time data processing. Our approach 

relies on a publish/subscribe mechanism, where device-generated data are relayed to a dedicated 

broker, effectively functioning as a separate server. This broker enables any application to subscribe to 

the dataset, promoting a dynamic and responsive data ecosystem. At the core of our data transmission 

infrastructure lies Apache Kafka version 3.6.1, renowned for its exceptional data flow management 

performance. Kafka efficiently bridges the gap between MIoT sensors and brokers, enabling parallel 

clusters of brokers that lead to more scalability. In our pursuit of uninterrupted connectivity, we 

incorporate a fail-safe mechanism with two Software-Defined Radios (SDR) called Nutaq PicoLTE 

Release 1.5 within our model. This strategic redundancy enhances data transmission availability, 

safeguarding against connectivity disruptions. Furthermore, to enhance the data repository security, 

we utilize blockchain technology, specifically Hyperledger Fabric, known for its high-performance 

attributes, ensuring data integrity, immutability, and security. Our latency results demonstrate that 

our platform effectively reduces latency for 100,000 devices, qualifying as an MIoT, to less than 

25 milliseconds. Furthermore, our findings on blockchain performance underscore our model as a secure 

platform, achieving over 800 Transactions Per Second in a dataset comprising 14,000 transactions, 

thereby demonstrating its high efficiency.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Shakerian2023b,

title = {Real-time sensor-embedded neural network for human activity recognition},

author = {Ali Shakerian and Victor Douet and Amirhossein Shoaraye Nejati and René Jr Landry},

url = {https://doi.org/10.3390/s23198127, Paper Link 

https://lassena.etsmtl.ca/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/J10-Real-Time-Sensor-Embedded-Neural-Network-for-Human-Activity-Recognition.pdf, Download PDF},

doi = {10.3390/s23198127},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

urldate = {2023-01-01},

journal = {Sensors},

volume = {23},

number = {19},

publisher = {Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)},

abstract = {This article introduces a novel approach to human activity recognition (HAR) by presenting 

a sensor that utilizes a real-time embedded neural network. The sensor incorporates a low-cost 

microcontroller and an inertial measurement unit (IMU), which is affixed to the subject's chest to 

capture their movements. Through the implementation of a convolutional neural network (CNN) 

on the microcontroller, the sensor is capable of detecting and predicting the wearer's activities in 

real-time, eliminating the need for external processing devices. The article provides a comprehensive 

description of the sensor and the methodology employed to achieve real-time prediction of subject 

behaviors. Experimental results demonstrate the accuracy and high inference performance of the 

proposed solution for real-time embedded activity recognition},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Markani2023c,

title = {Security establishment in ADS-B by format-preserving encryption and blockchain schemes},

author = {Jamal Habibi Markani and Abdessamad Amrhar and Jean-Marc Gagné and René Jr Landry},

url = {https://doi.org/10.3390/app13053105, Paper Link 

https://lassena.etsmtl.ca/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/J21-Security-Establishment-in-ADS-B-by-Format-Preserving-Encryption-and-Blockchain-Schemes.pdf, Download PDF},

doi = {10.3390/app13053105},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

urldate = {2023-01-01},

journal = {Applied Sciences},

volume = {13},

number = {5},

publisher = {MDPI},

abstract = {In the next generation modernization plan, the automatic dependent surveillance-broadcast (ADS-B) system plays a pivotal role. However, the ADS-B's low level of security and its vulnerabilities have raised valid concerns. The main objectives of this paper are to highlight the limitations of legacy ADS-B systems and to assess the feasibility of using Format-preserving (F), Feistel-based encryption (F), with multiple implementation variances (X) (FFX) algorithms, for enhancing ADS-B's security. The offered solution is implemented in a standard software-defined radio (SDR) ADS-B to be utilized in real-time applications. Furthermore, a new proposed blockchain scheme is used as a secured database to manage the cipher key. The metric of message entropy is used to assess an algorithm's ability to confuse and diffuse predictable ADS-B messages; correlation and serial correlation of plain data and cipher data are deployed to evaluate the proposed method's security level. The authors provide both MATLAB simulations and flight test outcomes to demonstrate the feasibility of this approach. Based on our security analysis, ADS-B information can be kept confidential through our scheme. The performance evaluation results reveal that the proposed scheme is achievable, compatible, and efficient for the avionics industry},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Gebali2022,

title = {Single and Multiple Continuous-Wave Interference Suppression Using Adaptive IIR Notch Filters Based on Direct-Form Structure in a QPSK Communication System},

author = {Abdelrahman El Gebali and Rene Jr. Landry},

editor = {MDPI},

url = {https://doi.org/10.3390/app12042186, Paper Link},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.3390/app12042186},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-02-19},

urldate = {2022-02-19},

journal = {Drones},

volume = {12},

issue = {4},

abstract = {The removal filter coefficients in this technique are dependent on the jammer’s power and its Instantaneous Frequency (IF) information, which can both be obtained in the time–frequency domain (adaptive filtering techniques). The dependence of the removing/reducing filter characteristics on the interference power is critical, as it allows an optimal trade-off between removal interference and the amount of self-noise generated by the filter. This trade-off is bounded by the two extreme cases of no notch filter (no self-noise) and full suppression (k1 = 1) for both low- and high-power jammer values. In this paper, a cascade second-order adaptive direct Infinite Impulse Response (IIR) Notch Filter (NF) with a gradient-based algorithm to suppress the Continuous-Wave (CW and MCW) interference is proposed for maximizing the receiver Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) in a Quadrature Phase-Shift Keying (QPSK)-modulated signal. The suppression approach consists of two Adaptive IIR NFs (ANFs) based on a direct-form structure: the Hd1(z) and Hd1(z). The proposal in this work presents a low-complexity Time-Domain (TD) algorithm for controlling the update filter coefficient and notch depth. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed approach represents an effective method for removing/reducing the impacts of CWI/MCWI, resulting in improved system performance for low- and high-power jammer values when compared with the case of full suppression (k1 = 1); furthermore, it also improves the notch filter’s output SNR for a given Jamming-to-Signal Ratio (JSR) value and Bit Error Ratio (BER) performance. For example, the SNR output of the proposed IIR NF was enhanced by 7 dB versus the case without a filter when Eb/No = 15 dB and JSR = −5 dB. The proposed method can detect and mitigate weak and strong jamming with JSR values ranging from −30 to 40 dB, and can track the hopping frequency interference. Moreover, an improved BER performance is seen as compared to the case without an IIR NF.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Elango2022,

title = {A new multipath channel estimation and mitigation using annihilation filter combined tracking loop implementation in software GPS receivers},

author = {G. Arul Elango and René Jr Landry},

url = {https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6501/ac4432, Paper Link 

https://lassena.etsmtl.ca/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/J18-A-new-multipath-channel-estimation-and-mitigation-using-annihilation-filter-combined-tracking-loop-implementation-in-software-GPS-receivers.pdf, Download PDF},

doi = {10.1088/1361-6501/ac4432},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

urldate = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Measurement Science and Technology},

volume = {33},

number = {4},

publisher = {IOP Publishing Ltd},

abstract = {The multipath effect causes severe degradation in the positioning of commercial GPS receivers. Due to multipath error, the positioning accuracy could reach a few of 10 m. If the cumulative Multipath delay is less than 0.1–0.35 chips, then it is difficult to mitigate in GPS receivers. This causes severe degradation in GPS signals and can cause a measurement bias. To alleviate this problem, the estimation of multipath parameters using annihilating filter and its mitigation in the GPS tracking loop is proposed in this work. The estimation of randomly generated multipath signals can be performed in the receiver with a lower sampling rate when compared to the larger bandwidth of the GPS baseband signal. Here, the frequency components of the multipath signal in superimposed complex exponentials have been transformed from the time delay and the amplitude of the path observables. The Rayleigh fading model in the urban scenario has been simulated in which the amplitude and the phase of the number of paths (i.e. the frequency component of superimposed complex exponentials) are set and this fading signal is convolved with GPS signal that forms the multipath faded signal. In the GPS receiver post-processing stage, with the help of the annihilation filter, the multipath components are estimated, then an inverse/adaptive filter and compensation technique are further applied to mitigate the multipath component. The mean square error with the different number of paths with noisy environments is analyzed utilizing the cadzow denoising algorithm. The simulation results of the proposed technique employed in the tracking module of the software GPS receiver under severe multipath conditions indicate a substantial enhancement in the performance of the GPS receiver with minimal code and carrier phase error when compared to the least squares and adaptive blind equalization channel techniques. Moreover, the positioning accuracy is also calculated with the inclusion of multipath components in two satellites out of six satellites used in the simulation, the results showed that the annihilation filter improved the mean position accuracy up to 9.3023 m.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Bui2022,

title = {FPGA-based autonomous GPS-disciplined oscillatorsfor wireless sensor network nodes},

author = {Toan Quang The Bui and Arul Elango and René Jr. Landry},

url = {https://doi.org/10.3390/s22093135, Paper Link 

https://lassena.etsmtl.ca/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/J15-FPGA-Based-Autonomous-GPS-Disciplined-Oscillatorsfor-Wireless-Sensor-Network-Nodes.pdf, Download PDF},

doi = {10.3390/s22093135},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

urldate = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Sensors},

volume = {22},

number = {9},

publisher = {MDPI},

abstract = {Numerous devices in distributed wireless sensor arrays require a high-accuracy timing 

reference. Although the GPS-disciplined oscillators have been developed for decades, the hardware 

design still has performance limitations. In this context, we present the hardware implementation 

for a GPS-disciplined oscillator with an automatic adaptive drift correction algorithm, which is 

implemented in a low-cost, high-speed field-programmable gate array (FPGA) device. The system 

design and the hardware implementation are presented to demonstrate the advantages of the pro- 

posed oscillator. To verify this oscillator in real-time applications, we tested the device in multiple 

environments and compared it to state-of-the-art designs. The experimental results showed that 

our proposed device has a low cost and high performance. This device can achieve less than 80 ns 

and 356 ns in 1PPS signal drift in the indoor environment test and the outdoor environment test, 

respectively, after 24 h of working without a GPS signal.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Sefidgar2022,

title = {Landing system development based on Inverse Homography Range Camera Fusion (IHRCF)},

author = {Mohammad Sefidgar and René Landry},

url = {https://doi.org/10.3390/s22051870, Paper Link 

https://lassena.etsmtl.ca/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/J16-Landing-System-Development-Based-on-Inverse-Homography-Range-Camera-Fusion-IHRCF.pdf, Download PDF},

doi = {10.3390/s22051870},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

urldate = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Sensors},

volume = {22},

number = {5},

publisher = {MDPI},

abstract = {The Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) is one of the most remarkable inventions of the last 100 years. Much research has been invested in the development of this flying robot. The landing system is one of the more challenging aspects of this system's development. Artificial Intelligence (AI) has become the preferred technique for landing system development, including reinforcement learning. However, current research is more focused is on system development based on image processing and advanced geometry. A novel calibration based on our previous research had been used to ameliorate the accuracy of the AprilTag pose estimation. With the help of advanced geometry from camera and range sensor data, a process known as Inverse Homography Range Camera Fusion (IHRCF), a pose estimation that outperforms our previous work, is now possible. The range sensor used here is a Time of Flight (ToF) sensor, but the algorithm can be used with any range sensor. First, images are captured by the image acquisition device, a monocular camera. Next, the corners of the landing landmark are detected through AprilTag detection algorithms (ATDA). The pixel correspondence between the image and the range sensor is then calculated via the calibration data. In the succeeding phase, the planar homography between the real-world locations of sensor data and their obtained pixel coordinates is calculated. In the next phase, the pixel coordinates of the AprilTag-detected four corners are transformed by inverse planar homography from pixel coordinates to world coordinates in the camera frame. Finally, knowing the world frame corner points of the AprilTag, rigid body transformation can be used to create the pose data. A CoppeliaSim simulation environment was used to evaluate the IHRCF algorithm, and the test was implemented in real-time Software-in-the-Loop (SIL). The IHRCF algorithm outperformed the AprilTag-only detection approach significantly in both translational and rotational terms. To conclude, the conventional landmark detection algorithm can be ameliorated by incorporating sensor fusion for cameras with lower radial distortion.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Elgamoudi2022,

title = {Quasi-real RFI source generation using orolia skydel LEO satellite simulator for accurate geolocation and tracking: Modeling and experimental analysis},

author = {Abulasad Elgamoudi and Hamza Benzerrouk and Ganapathy Arul Elango and René Jr Landry},

url = {https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics11050781, Paper Link 

https://lassena.etsmtl.ca/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/J20-Quasi-Real-RFI-Source-Generation-Using-Orolia-Skydel-LEO-Satellite-Simulator-for-Accurate-Geolocation-and-Tracking-Modeling-and-Experimental-Analysis.pdf, Download PDF},

doi = {10.3390/electronics11050781},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

urldate = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Electronics},

volume = {11},

number = {5},

publisher = {MDPI},

abstract = {Accurate geolocation and tracking of Radio-Frequency Interference (RFI) sources, which 

affect wireless and satellite systems such as Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) and Satellite 

Communication (SatCom) systems, are considered to be a significant issue. Several studies connected 

to civil and military operations on this issue have been investigated recently. The literature review has 

surveyed many algorithm simulations for optimizing geolocation and target-tracking estimation. Al- 

though most of these algorithms have their own advantages, they have weaknesses, such as accuracy, 

mathematical complexity, difficulties in implementation, and validation in the real environment, etc. 

This study has been concerned with investigating the accuracy of geolocation and tracking under high 

speed and powerful rotation using extracted data from the Orolia Skydel simulator, which simulates 

the space environment involving Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites as sensors and Unmanned Aerial 

Vehicles (UAV) as RFI emitters. Various scenarios modeled using the Orolia Simulator for quasi-real 

dynamic trajectories of LEO satellites have been created. The assumed approaches have been verified 

by Cramer-Rao Lower Bound (CRLB) and Posterior CRLB (PCRLB) to determine the increase in 

Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) value. The simulation scenarios have been performed using the 

Monte Carlo iteration. Eventually, the overall achieved results of the considered approaches using 

data acquired from the Orolia Simulator were presented and compared with theoretical simulation},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{eprints_etsmtl224052,

title = {Single and multiple continuous-wave interference suppression using adaptive IIR notch filters based on direct-form structure in a QPSK communication system},

author = {Abdelrahman El Gebali and René Jr Landry},

url = {https://doi.org/10.3390/app12042186, Paper Link},

doi = {10.3390/app12042186},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

urldate = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Applied Sciences},

volume = {12},

number = {4},

publisher = {MDPI},

abstract = {The removal filter coefficients in this technique are dependent on the jammer's power and its Instantaneous Frequency (IF) information, which can both be obtained in the time-frequency domain (adaptive filtering techniques). The dependence of the removing/reducing filter characteristics on the interference power is critical, as it allows an optimal trade-off between removal interference and the amount of self-noise generated by the filter. This trade-off is bounded by the two extreme cases of no notch filter (no self-noise) and full suppression (k1 = 1) for both low- and high-power jammer values. In this paper, a cascade second-order adaptive direct Infinite Impulse Response (IIR) Notch Filter (NF) with a gradient-based algorithm to suppress the Continuous-Wave (CW and MCW) interference is proposed for maximizing the receiver Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) in a Quadrature Phase-Shift Keying (QPSK)-modulated signal. The suppression approach consists of two Adaptive IIR NFs (ANFs) based on a direct-form structure: the Hd1(z) and Hd1(z). The proposal in this work presents a low-complexity Time-Domain (TD) algorithm for controlling the update filter coefficient and notch depth. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed approach represents an effective method for removing/reducing the impacts of CWI/MCWI, resulting in improved system performance for low- and high-power jammer values when compared with the case of full suppression (k1 = 1); furthermore, it also improves the notch filter's output SNR for a given Jamming-to-Signal Ratio (JSR) value and Bit Error Ratio (BER) performance. For example, the SNR output of the proposed IIR NF was enhanced by 7 dB versus the case without a filter when Eb/No = 15 dB and JSR = ?5 dB. The proposed method can detect and mitigate weak and strong jamming with JSR values ranging from ?30 to 40 dB, and can track the hopping frequency interference. Moreover, an improved BER performance is seen as compared to the case without an IIR NF.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{eprints_etsmtl224128,

title = {Unstable landing platform pose estimation based on Camera and Range Sensor Homogeneous Fusion (CRHF)},

author = {Mohammad Sefidgar and René Jr Landry},

url = {https://doi.org/10.3390/drones6030060, Paper link},

doi = {10.3390/drones6030060},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

urldate = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Drones},

volume = {6},

number = {3},

publisher = {MDPI},

abstract = {Much research has been accomplished in the area of drone landing and specifically pose 

estimation. While some of these works focus on sensor fusion using GPS, or GNSS, we propose 

a method that uses sensors, including four Time of Flight (ToF) range sensors and a monocular 

camera. However, when the descending platform is unstable, for example, on ships in the ocean, 

the uncertainty will grow, and the tracking will fail easily. We designed an algorithm that includes 

four ToF sensors for calibration and one for pose estimation. The landing process was divided into 

two main parts, the rendezvous and the final landing. Two important assumptions were made for 

these two phases. During the rendezvous, the landing platform movement can be ignored, while 

during the landing phase, the drone is assumed to be stable and waiting for the best time to land. 

The current research modifies the landing part as a stable drone and an unstable landing platform, 

which is a Stewart platform, with a mounted AprilTag. A novel algorithm for calibration was used 

based on color thresholding, a convex hull, and centroid extraction. Next, using the homogeneous 

coordinate equations of the sensors' touching points, the focal length in the X and Y directions can be 

calculated. In addition, knowing the plane equation allows the Z coordinates of the landmark points 

to be projected. The homogeneous coordinate equation was then used to obtain the landmark's X 

and Y Cartesian coordinates. Finally, 3D rigid body transformation is engaged to project the landing 

platform transformation in the camera frame. The test bench used Software-in-the-Loop (SIL) to 

confirm the practicality of the method. The results of this work are promising for unstable landing 

platform pose estimation and offer a significant improvement over the single-camera pose estimation 

AprilTag detection algorithms (ATDA).},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Farhangian2021,

title = {A magnetometer calibration method using single-axis motion trajectory and unscented kalman filter for body motion capture applications},

author = {Farzan Farhangian and Saoussen Bilel and Faramarz Farhangian and Rene Jr. Landry},

url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.11648/j.ijssn.20210901.11, Paper Link 

https://lassena.etsmtl.ca/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/J29-A-Magnetometer-Calibration-Method-Using-Single-Axis-Motion-Trajectory-and-Unscented-Kalman-Filter-for-Body-Motion-Capture-Applications.pdf, Download PDF},

doi = {10.11648/j.ijssn.20210901.11},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-01-01},

urldate = {2021-01-01},

journal = {International Journal of Sensors and Sensor Networks},

volume = {9},

number = {1},

pages = {1–10},

abstract = {Magnetometer calibration is a pre-processing step in the Attitude and Heading Reference Systems (AHRS) which 

has an essential role in many applications. The main purpose of this article is to derive an innovative and precise calibration 

approach for a magnetometer set installed on human body. To execute this calibration method, all the error parameters of multiple 

magnetometers are considered in an Unscented Kalman Filter (UKF) model for accurate estimation of calibration parameters. As 

achieving a precise estimation in Kalman filters-based algorithms needs an accurate and complete observation model, a special 

single-axis rotation trajectory for Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) is performed to increase the observability rank of the 

calibration model. To evaluate the proposed method, five body-mounted sensors were experimented in the laboratory at the same 

time for applying in the body motion capture system. The results showed that all five sensors were well-calibrated without any 

need to be detached from the body and using any rotational robot arm. The resolution and precision of the proposed calibration 

method are assessed by the ellipsoid-fitting representation method. Consequently, all the body-mounted magnetometers were 

calibrated, on average, by about 1% uncertainty. The method can be used in every motion capture and AHRS applications due to 

its feasibility and simplicity.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Navidi2021,

title = {A new perspective on low-cost mems-based AHRS determination},

author = {Neda Navidi and René Jr. Landry},

url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21041383, Paper Link 

https://lassena.etsmtl.ca/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/J28-A-New-Perspective-on-Low-Cost-MEMS-Based-AHRS-Determination.pdf, Download PDF},

doi = {10.3390/s21041383},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-01-01},

urldate = {2021-01-01},

journal = {Sensors},

volume = {21},

number = {4},

publisher = {MDPI},

abstract = {Attitude and heading reference system (AHRS) is the term used to describe a rigid body’s angular orientation in three-dimensional space. This paper describes an AHRS determination and control system developed for navigation systems by integrating gyroscopes, accelerometers, and magnetometers signals from low-cost MEMS-based sensors in a complementary adaptive Kalman filter. AHRS estimation based on the iterative Kalman filtering process is required to be initialized first. A new method for AHRS initialization is proposed to improve the accuracy of the initial attitude estimates. Attitude estimates derived from the initialization and iterative adaptive filtering processes are compared with the orientation obtained from a high-end reference system. The improvement in the accuracy of the initial orientation as significant as 45% is obtained from the proposed method as compared with other selected techniques. Additionally, the computational process is reduced by 96%.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Elgamoudi2021,

title = {A survey for recent techniques and algorithms of geolocation and target tracking in wireless and satellite systems},

author = {Abulasad Elgamoudi and Hamza Benzerrouk and G. Arul Elango and René Jr. Landry},

url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11136079, Paper Link 

https://lassena.etsmtl.ca/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/J31-A-Survey-for-Recent-Techniques-and-Algorithms-of-Geolocation-and-Target-Tracking-in-Wireless-and-Satellite-Systems.pdf, Download PDF},

doi = {10.3390/app11136079},

issn = {2076-3417 J9 - APPL SCI-BASEL},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-01-01},

urldate = {2021-01-01},

journal = {Applied Sciences},

volume = {11},

number = {13},

publisher = {MDPI},

abstract = {A single Radio-Frequency Interference (RFI) is a disturbance source of modern wireless systems depending on Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) and Satellite Communication (SatCom). In particular, significant applications such as aeronautics and satellite communication can be severely affected by intentional and unintentional interference, which are unmitigated. The matter requires finding a radical and effective solution to overcome this problem. The methods used for overcoming the RFI include interference detection, interference classification, interference geolocation, tracking and interference mitigation. RFI source geolocation and tracking methodology gained universal attention from numerous researchers, specialists, and scientists. In the last decade, various conventional techniques and algorithms have been adopted in geolocation and target tracking in civil and military operations. Previous conventional techniques did not address the challenges and demand for novel algorithms. Hence there is a necessity for focussing on the issues associated with this. This survey introduces a review of various conventional geolocation techniques, current orientations, and state-of-the-art techniques and highlights some approaches and algorithms employed in wireless and satellite systems for geolocation and target tracking that may be extremely beneficial. In addition, a comparison between different conventional geolocation techniques has been revealed, and the comparisons between various approaches and algorithms of geolocation and target tracking have been addressed, including 𝐻∞ 

 and Kalman Filtering versions that have been implemented and investigated by authors.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Farhangian2021b,

title = {Applying a tof/imu-based multi-sensor fusion architecture in pedestrian indoor navigation methods},

author = {Farzan Farhangian and Mohammad Sefidgar and Rene Landry},

url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21113615, Paper Link 

https://lassena.etsmtl.ca/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/J23-Applying-a-ToFIMU-Based-Multi-Sensor-Fusion-Architecture-in-Pedestrian-Indoor-Navigation-Methods.pdf, Download PDF},

doi = {10.3390/s21113615},

issn = {14248220},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-01-01},

urldate = {2021-01-01},

journal = {Sensors},

volume = {21},

number = {11},

publisher = {MDPI AG},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Gebali2021,

title = {Multi-frequency interference detection and mitigation using multiple adaptive IIR notch filter with lattice structure},

author = {Abdelrahman El Gebali and René Jr Landry},

url = {https://doi.org/10.4236/jcc.2021.95005, Paper Link 

https://lassena.etsmtl.ca/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/J22-Multi-Frequency-Interference-Detection-and-Mitigation-Using-Multiple-Adaptive-IIR-Notch-Filter-with-Lattice-Structure.pdf, Download PDF},

doi = {10.4236/jcc.2021.95005},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-01-01},

urldate = {2021-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Computer and Communications},

volume = {9},

number = {5},

pages = {58–77},

publisher = {Scientific Research},

abstract = {Radio Frequency Interferences (RFI), such as strong Continuous Wave Interferences (CWI), can influence the Quality of Service (QoS) of communications, increasing the Bit Error Rate (BER) and decreasing the Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) in any wireless transmission, including in a Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB-S2) receiver. Therefore, this paper presents an algorithm for detecting and mitigating a Multi-tone Continuous Wave Interference (MCWI) using a Multiple Adaptive Notch Filter (MANF), based on the lattice form structure. The Adaptive Notch Filter (ANF) is constructed using the second-order IIR NF. The approach consists in developing a robust low-complexity algorithm for removing unknown MCWI. The MANF model is a multistage model, with each stage consisting of two ANFs: the adaptive IIR notch filter Hl(z) and the adaptive IIR notch filter HN(z), which can detect and mitigate CWI. In this model, the ANF is used for estimating the Jamming-to-Signal Ratio (JSR) and the frequency of the interference (w(0)) by using an LMS-based algorithm. The depth of the notch is then adjusted based on the estimation of the JSR. In contrast, the ANF HN(z) is used to mitigate the CW interference. Simulation results show that the proposed ANF is an effective method for eliminating/reducing the effects of MCWI, and yields better system performance than full suppression (kN=1) for low JSR values, and mostly the same performance for high JSR values. Moreover, the proposed can detect low and high JSR and track hopping frequency interference and provides better Bit error ratio (BER) performance compared to the case without an IIR notch filter.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Same2021,

title = {Multiple narrowband interferences characterization, detection and mitigation using simplified welch algorithm and notch filtering},

author = {Mohammad Hossein Same and Gabriel Gleeton and Gabriel Gandubert and Preslav Ivanov and René Jr. Landry},

url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11031331, Paper Link 

https://lassena.etsmtl.ca/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/J24-Multiple-Narrowband-Interferences-Characterization-Detection-and-Mitigation-Using-Simplified-Welch-Algorithm-and-Notch-Filtering.pdf, Download PDF},

doi = {10.3390/app11031331},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-01-01},

urldate = {2021-01-01},

journal = {Applied Sciences},

volume = {11},

number = {3},

publisher = {MDPI},

abstract = {By increasing the demand for radio frequency (RF) and access of hackers and spoofers to low price hardware and software defined radios (SDR), radio frequency interference (RFI) became a more frequent and serious problem. In order to increase the security of satellite communication (Satcom) and guarantee the quality of service (QoS) of end users, it is crucial to detect the RFI in the desired bandwidth and protect the receiver with a proper mitigation mechanism. Digital narrowband signals are so sensitive into the interference and because of their special power spectrum shape, it is hard to detect and eliminate the RFI from their bandwidth. Thus, a proper detector requires a high precision and smooth estimation of input signal power spectral density (PSD). By utilizing the presented power spectrum by the simplified Welch method, this article proposes a solid and effective algorithm that can find all necessary interference parameters in the frequency domain while targeting practical implantation for the embedded system with minimum complexity. The proposed detector can detect several multi narrowband interferences and estimate their center frequency, bandwidth, power, start, and end of each interference individually. To remove multiple interferences, a chain of several infinite impulse response (IIR) notch filters with multiplexers is proposed. To minimize damage to the original signal, the bandwidth of each notch is adjusted in a way that maximizes the received signal to noise ratio (SNR) by the receiver. Multiple carrier wave interferences (MCWI) is utilized as a jamming attack to the Digital Video Broadcasting-Satellite-Second Generation (DVB-S2) receiver and performance of a new detector and mitigation system is investigated and validated in both simulation and practical tests. Based on the obtained results, the proposed detector can detect a weak power interference down to −25 dB and track a hopping frequency interference with center frequency variation speed up to 3 kHz. Bit error ratio (BER) performance shows 3 dB improvement by utilizing new adaptive mitigation scenario compared to non-adaptive one. Finally, the protected DVB-S2 can receive the data with SNR close to the normal situation while it is under the attack of the MCWI jammer.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Navidi2021b,

title = {New approach in human-AI interaction by reinforcement-imitation learning},

author = {Neda Navidi and René Jr Landry},

url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11073068, Paper Link 

https://lassena.etsmtl.ca/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/J26-New-Approach-in-Human-AI-Interaction-by-Reinforcement-Imitation-Learning.pdf, Download PDF},

doi = {10.3390/app11073068},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-01-01},

urldate = {2021-01-01},

journal = {Applied Sciences},

volume = {11},

number = {7},

publisher = {MDPI},

abstract = {Reinforcement Learning (RL) provides effective results with an agent learning from a stand-alone reward function. However, it presents unique challenges with large amounts of environment states and action spaces, as well as in the determination of rewards. Imitation Learning (IL) offers a promising solution for those challenges using a teacher. In IL, the learning process can take advantage of human-sourced assistance and/or control over the agent and environment. A human teacher and an agent learner are considered in this study. The teacher takes part in the agent’s training towards dealing with the environment, tackling a specific objective, and achieving a predefined goal. This paper proposes a novel approach combining IL with different types of RL methods, namely, state-action-reward-state-action (SARSA) and Asynchronous Advantage Actor–Critic Agents (A3C), to overcome the problems of both stand-alone systems. How to effectively leverage the teacher’s feedback—be it direct binary or indirect detailed—for the agent learner to learn sequential decision-making policies is addressed. The results of this study on various OpenAI-Gym environments show that this algorithmic method can be incorporated with different combinations, and significantly decreases both human endeavors and tedious exploration process.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Farhangian2021c,

title = {Opportunistic in-flight ins alignment using LEO satellites and a rotatory IMU platform},

author = {Farzan Farhangian and Hamza Benzerrouk and René Landry},

url = {https://doi.org/10.3390/aerospace8100280, Paper Link},

doi = {10.3390/aerospace8100280},

issn = {22264310 (ISSN)},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-01-01},

urldate = {2021-01-01},

journal = {Aerospace},

volume = {8},

number = {10},

publisher = {MDPI},

abstract = {With the emergence of numerous low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite constellations such as 

Iridium-Next, Globalstar, Orbcomm, Starlink, and OneWeb, the idea of considering their downlink 

signals as a source of pseudorange and pseudorange rate measurements has become incredibly 

attractive to the community. LEO satellites could be a reliable alternative for environments or 

situations in which the global navigation satellite system (GNSS) is blocked or inaccessible. In this 

article, we present a novel in-flight alignment method for a strapdown inertial navigation system 

(SINS) using Doppler shift measurements obtained from single or multi-constellation LEO satellites 

and a rotation technique applied on the inertial measurement unit (IMU). Firstly, a regular Doppler 

positioning algorithm based on the extended Kalman filter (EKF) calculates states of the receiver. This 

system is considered as a slave block. In parallel, a master INS estimates the position, velocity, and 

attitude of the system. Secondly, the linearized state space model of the INS errors is formulated. The 

alignment model accounts for obtaining the errors of the INS by a Kalman filter. The measurements 

of this system are the difference in the outputs from the master and slave systems. Thirdly, as the 

observability rank of the system is not sufficient for estimating all the parameters, a discrete dual-axis 

IMU rotation sequence was simulated. By increasing the observability rank of the system, all the 

states were estimated. Two experiments were performed with different overhead satellites and 

numbers of constellations: one for a ground vehicle and another for a small flight vehicle. Finally, the 

results showed a significant improvement compared to stand-alone INS and the regular Doppler 

positioning method. The error of the ground test reached around 26 m. This error for the flight test 

was demonstrated in different time intervals from the starting point of the trajectory. The proposed 

method showed a 180% accuracy improvement compared to the Doppler positioning method for up 

to 4.5 min after blocking the GNSS.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Same2021b,

title = {Simplified welch algorithm for spectrum monitoring},

author = {Mohammad Hossein Same and Gabriel Gandubert and Gabriel Gleeton and Preslav Ivanov and René Jr. Landry},

url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11010086, Paper Link},

doi = {10.3390/app11010086},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-01-01},

urldate = {2021-01-01},

journal = {Applied Sciences},

volume = {11},

number = {1},

publisher = {MDPI},

abstract = {Power Spectral Density (PSD) is an essential representation of the signal spectrum that depicts the power measurement content versus frequency. PSD is typically used to characterize broadband random signals and has a variety of usages in many fields like physics, engineering, biomedical, etc. This paper proposes a simple and practical method to estimate the PSD based on the Welch algorithm for spectrum monitoring. The proposed method can be easily implemented in most of software-based systems or low-level Field-Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) and yields a smooth overview of the spectrum. The original Welch method utilizes the average of the amplitude squared of the previous Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) samples for better estimation of frequency components and noise reduction. Replacing the simple moving average with a weighted moving average can significantly reduce the complexity of the Welch’s method. In this way, the amount of required Random Access Memory (RAM) is reduced from K (where K is the number of FFT packets in averaging) to one. This new method allows users to adjust the dependency of the PSD on the previous observed FFTs and its smoothness by setting only one feedback parameter without any hardware change. The obtained results show that the algorithm gives a clear spectrum, even in the noisy situation because of the significant Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) enhancement. The trade-off between spectrum accuracy and time convergence of the modified algorithm is also fully analysed. In addition, a simple solution based on Xilinx Intellectual Property (IP), which converts the proposed method to a practical spectrum analyzer device, is presented. This modified algorithm is validated by comparing it with two standard and reliable spectrum analyzers, Rohde & Schwarz (R&S) and Tektronix RSA600. The modified design can track any signal type as the other spectrum analyzers, and it has better performance in situations where the power of the desired signal is weak or where the signal is mixed with the background noise. It can display the spectrum when the input signal power is 5 dB lower than the visible threshold level of R&S and Tektronix. In both narrowband and wideband scenarios, the new implemented design can still display frequency components 5 dB higher than the noise, while the output spectrum of other analyzers is completely covered by noise.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Gebali2020,

title = {Mitigation of Continuous Wave Narrow-Band Interference in QPSK Demodulation Using Adaptive IIR Notch Filter},

author = {Abdelrahman El Gebali and Rene Jr. Landry},

url = {http://article.sapub.org/10.5923.j.ajsp.20201001.02.html, Paper Link 

https://lassena.etsmtl.ca/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/J38-Mitigation-of-Continuous-Wave-Narrow-Band-Interference-in-QPSK-Demodulation-Using-Adaptive-IIR-Notch-Filter.pdf, Download PDF},

doi = {http://article.sapub.org/10.5923.j.ajsp.20201001.02.html},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-06-12},

urldate = {2020-06-12},

journal = {American Journal of Signal Processing},

volume = {10},

issue = {1},

abstract = {A Continuous Wave Narrow-Band Interference (CW-NBI) can reduce the effective signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and the quality of the Signals-of-Interest (SoI) in any wireless transmission such as in a Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB-S2) receiver. Therefore, this paper proposes a novel low-complexity anti-jamming filter to mitigate unknown CW-NBI. The approach is to develop a robust least-mean-squared (LMS) algorithm for mitigating CW-NBI in QPSK demodulation but could be used in any communication system. The proposed filter is based on two open-loop Adaptive lattice Notch Filter (ALNF) structure and an LMS algorithm. Each ALNF is composed of a second-order Infinite-Impulse-Response (IIR) filter. The first ALNF is used to estimate the Jamming to Signal Ratio (JSR) and the frequency of the interference. In contrast, the second ALNF is used to remove the interference and adjust the depth of the notch according to the estimated JSR. On the other hand, the LMS algorithm is used to obtain and then track the interference. Simulation results show the performance of the proposed IIR notch filter with the LMS algorithm in reducing and mitigating interference. Also, it provides better output SNR of the notch filter for a given value of JSR and BER performance. For example, at the JSR value of -6 dB, the SNR output of the proposed IIR notch filter was enhanced by 9 dB compared to the case without a filter when .},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Ujan2020,

title = {A Robust Jamming Signal Classification and Detection Approach Based on Multi-Layer Perceptron Neural Network},

author = {Sahar Ujan and Mohammad Hossein Same and Rene Jr. Landry},

editor = {MDPI},

url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.20431/2349-4859.0701001, Paper Link 

https://lassena.etsmtl.ca/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/J34-A-Robust-Jamming-Signal-Classification-and-Detection-Approach-Based-on-Multi-Layer-Perceptron-Neural-Network.pdf, Download PDF},

doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.20431/2349-4859.0701001},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-03-12},

urldate = {2020-03-12},

abstract = {The Quality of Service (QoS) and security of a wireless communication system can be improved using a robust Radio Frequency Interference (RFI) detection method, which could in turn lead to an effective mitigation process. Due to the vast variety of RFI signals in existence, it is crucial to deploy a spectrum signal detection technique dealing with all kinds of potential interference (non-intentional or intentional, known as jamming). To solve this problem, a robust multi-class Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) neural network technique has been developed in this paper to recognize jamming signals in a real-time digital video broadcasting scenario based on DVB-S2 standards. It is assumed that the communication signal can be combined with one of the three major kinds of interference, namely, Continuous Wave Interference (CWI), Multiple CWI (MCWI) and Chirp Interference (CI). The proposed algorithm can either classify the interference under its related group or recognize the Signal of Interest (SoI). Besides analyzing different learning approaches (such as online learning, full-batch, and mini-batch), the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) technique is deployed to select more informative features to enhance the classifier’s performance. More importantly, a new methodology is presented to generate a real-time jamming signal dataset that is entirely different from what is provided in other similar studies. Furthermore, the robustness of the trained classifier is assessed to detect unknown signals at different Signal to Noise Ratios (SNR). In addition, the performance of the proposed design is compared with the well-known Support Vector Machine (SVM) Machine Learning (ML) technique in terms of both jamming signal classification and detection.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Farhangian2020,

title = {Accuracy improvement of attitude determination systems using EKF-based error prediction filter and PI controller},

author = {Farzan Farhangian and Rene Jr. Landry},

url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20144055, Paper Link 

https://lassena.etsmtl.ca/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/J35-Accuracy-Improvement-of-Attitude-Determination-Systems-Using-EKF-Based-Error-Prediction-Filter-and-PI-Controller-.pdf, Download PDF},

doi = {10.3390/s20144055},

issn = {14248220},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-01-01},

urldate = {2020-01-01},

journal = {Sensors},

volume = {20},

number = {14},

publisher = {MDPI AG},

abstract = {Accurate attitude and heading reference system (AHRS) play an essential role in navigation applications and human body tracking systems. Using low-cost microelectromechanical system (MEMS) inertial sensors and having accurate orientation estimation, simultaneously, needs optimum orientation methods and algorithms. The error of attitude estimation may lead to imprecise navigation and motion capture results. This paper proposed a novel intermittent calibration technique for MEMS-based AHRS using error prediction and compensation filter. The method, inspired from the recognition of gyroscope’s error and by a proportional integral (PI) controller, can be regulated to increase the accuracy of the prediction. The experimentation of this study for the AHRS algorithm, aided by the proposed prediction filter, was tested with real low-cost MEMS sensors consists of accelerometer, gyroscope, and magnetometer. Eventually, the error compensation was performed by post-processing the measurements of static and dynamic tests. The experimental results present about 35% accuracy improvement in attitude estimation and demonstrate the explicit performance of proposed method.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Ujan2020b,

title = {An efficient Radio Frequency Interference (RFI) recognition and characterization using end-to-end transfer learning},

author = {Sahar Ujan and Neda Navidi and René Jr. Landry},

url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10196885, Paper Link 

https://lassena.etsmtl.ca/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/J36-An-Efficient-Radio-Frequency-Interference-RFI-Recognition-and-Characterization-Using-End-to-End-Transfer-Learning-1.pdf, Download PDF},

doi = {10.3390/app10196885},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-01-01},

urldate = {2020-01-01},

journal = {Applied Sciences},

volume = {10},

number = {19},

publisher = {MDPI},

abstract = {Radio Frequency Interference (RFI) detection and characterization play a critical role in ensuring the security of all wireless communication networks. Advances in Machine Learning (ML) have led to the deployment of many robust techniques dealing with various types of RFI. To sidestep an unavoidable complicated feature extraction step in ML, we propose an efficient Deep Learning (DL)-based methodology using transfer learning to determine both the type of received signals and their modulation type. To this end, the scalogram of the received signals is used as the input of the pretrained convolutional neural networks (CNN), followed by a fully-connected classifier. This study considers a digital video stream as the signal of interest (SoI), transmitted in a real-time satellite-to-ground communication using DVB-S2 standards. To create the RFI dataset, the SoI is combined with three well-known jammers namely, continuous-wave interference (CWI), multi- continuous-wave interference (MCWI), and chirp interference (CI). This study investigated four well-known pretrained CNN architectures, namely, AlexNet, VGG-16, GoogleNet, and ResNet-18, for the feature extraction to recognize the visual RFI patterns directly from pixel images with minimal preprocessing. Moreover, the robustness of the proposed classifiers is evaluated by the data generated at different signal to noise ratios (SNR)},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Same2020,

title = {Effects of interference and mitigation using notch filter for the DVB-S2 standard},

author = {Mohammad Hossein Same and Gabriel Gandubert and Preslav Ivanov and René Jr. Landry and Gabriel Gleeton},

url = {https://doi.org/10.3390/telecom1030017, Paper Link 

https://lassena.etsmtl.ca/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/J42-Effects-of-Interference-and-Mitigation-Using-Notch-Filter-for-the-DVB-S2-Standard.pdf, Download PDF},

doi = {10.3390/telecom1030017},

issn = {2673-4001},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-01-01},

urldate = {2020-01-01},

journal = {Telecom},

volume = {1},

number = {3},

pages = {242–265},

abstract = {The abundance of radio signals and their increasing number creates interferences on adjacent signals and sometimes, with co-channel communication. Jammers, which are operated by hackers or by military forces, are another source of smart and powerful interferences. This paper will discuss the effect of the continuous wave interference (CWI) on a radio communication receiver, specifically with the Digital Video Broadcasting for Satellite Second Generation (DVB-S2) communication standard. It investigates the general effect of the interference on a Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK) signal over each part of the DVB-S2 receiver. It also focuses on the impact of the center frequency and power of the interference on the critical blocks of a DVB-S2 receiver. This study also tries to determine the deviation from the normal operation in the format of mathematical expressions and simulation results. Based on the obtained results, there is a vulnerability in the chain of the receiver’s blocks that allows a smart jammer to affect the device with low power interference. The notch filter is utilized as a solution to mitigate the interference. In addition, the effects of this technique on the system’s performance are studied. The simulation results show that there is a great improvement after CWI removal according to the Jamming to Signal Ratio (JSR), the Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR), and the Bit Error Rate (BER). In some cases, the JSR was reduced by 15 dB, the SNR was improved by 10 dB and BER also improved by 7 dB. However, the notch filter deletes some information from the original signal. This study introduces new ways to clarify the tradeoff between the amount of interference power reduction and removed bandwidth from the signal with notch filtering.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Elgamoudi2020,

title = {Gauss hermite H-infinity filter for UAV tracking using LEO satellites TDOA/FDOA measurement-part I},

author = {Abulasad Elgamoudi and Hamza Benzerrouk and G. Arul Elango and René Jr Landry},

url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3032825, Paper Link 

https://lassena.etsmtl.ca/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/J41-Gauss-Hermite-H_Filter-for-UAV-Tracking-Using-LEO-Satellites-TDOA_FDOA-MeasurementPartI.pdf, Download PDF},

doi = {10.1109/access.2020.3032825},

issn = {2169-3536},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-01-01},

urldate = {2020-01-01},

journal = {IEEE Access},

volume = {8},

pages = {201428–201440},

publisher = {IEEE},

abstract = {The precision geolocation and target tracking problem has been addressed in this paper 

using High-Degree Non-linear Filtering based on hybrid Time Difference of Arrival (TDOA), Frequency 

Difference of Arrival (FDOA) measurements using Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite with slant range. 

In order to update the noise covariance and estimation process at each measurement, the Gauss Hermite 

H∞ Filter based on hybrid TDOA/FDOA geolocation measurements are proposed in this work. Numerous 

scenarios with the different rotation speed of Radio Frequency (RF) emitter has been considered. Multi LEO 

satellites have used to estimate and track the location of the unknown Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) 

under uncertainties of measurements. The uncertainties of measurements have been considered because the 

position and velocity of sensors are not fixed, which may affect the emitter location estimation measurements. 

The Cramer-Rao Lower Bound (CRLB) is used as a metric for measuring and analyzing the performance of 

the H∞/GHKF 3rd degree and H∞/GHKF 5th degree algorithm, as well as compare it with state-of-the-art 

algorithms. The simulation results of the proposed algorithm indicate that the significant improvement in 

performance for example, 10% based on TDOA, 40% for FDOA, and 50% on TDOA/FDOA have been 

achieved.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Ujan2020c,

title = {Hierarchical classification method for radio frequency interference recognition and characterization in Satcom},

author = {Sahar Ujan and Neda Navidi and René Jr. Landry},

url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10134608, Paper Link 

https://lassena.etsmtl.ca/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/J39-Hierarchical-Classification-Method-for-Radio-Frequency-Interference-Recognition-and-Characterization-in-Satcom.pdf, Download PDF},

doi = {10.3390/app10134608},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-01-01},

urldate = {2020-01-01},

journal = {Applied Sciences},

volume = {10},

number = {13},

publisher = {MDPI},

abstract = {The Quality of Service (QoS) and security of Satellite Communication (Satcom) are crucial as Satcom plays a significant role in a wide range of applications, such as direct broadcast satellite, earth observation, navigation, and government/military systems. Therefore, it is necessary to ensure that transmissions are incorruptible, particularly in the presence of challenges such as Radio Frequency Interference (RFI), which is of primary concern for the efficiency of communications. The security of a wireless communication system can be improved using a robust RFI detection method, which could, in turn, lead to an effective mitigation process. This paper presents a new method to recognize received signal characteristics using a hierarchical classification in a multi-layer perceptron (MLP) neural network. The considered characteristics are signal modulation and the type of RFI. In the experiments, a real-time video stream transmitted in the direct broadcast satellite is utilized with four modulation types, namely, QPSK, 8APSK, 16APSK, and 32APSK. Moreover, it is assumed that the communication signal can be combined with one of the three significant types of interference, namely, Continuous Wave Interference (CWI), Multiple CWI (MCWI), and Chirp Interference (CI). In addition, two robust feature selection techniques have been developed to select more informative features, which leads to improving the classification precision. Furthermore, the robustness of the trained techniques is assessed to predict unknown signals at different Signal to Noise Ratios (SNRs).},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Farhangian2020b,

title = {Multi-constellation software-defined receiver for doppler positioning with LEO satellites},

author = {Farzan Farhangian and René Jr. Landry},

url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20205866, Paper Link 

https://lassena.etsmtl.ca/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/Multi-Constellation-Software-Defined-Receiver-for-Doppler-Positioning-with-LEO-Satellites.pdf, Download PDF},

doi = {10.3390/s20205866},

issn = {14248220},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-01-01},

urldate = {2020-01-01},

journal = {Sensors},

volume = {20},

number = {20},

publisher = {MDPI AG},

abstract = {A Multi-Constellation Software-Defined Receiver (MC-SDR) is designed and implemented to extract the Doppler measurements of Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite’s downlink signals, such as Orbcomm, Iridium-Next, Globalstar, Starlink, OneWeb, SpaceX, etc. The Doppler positioning methods, as one of the main localization algorithms, need a highly accurate receiver design to track the Doppler as a measurement for Extended Kalman Filter (EKF)-based positioning. In this paper, the designed receiver has been used to acquire and track the Doppler shifts of two different kinds of LEO constellations. The extracted Doppler shifts of one Iridium-Next satellite as a burst-based simplex downlink signal and two Orbcomm satellites as continuous signals are considered. Also, with having the Two-Line Element (TLE) for each satellite, the position, and orbital elements of each satellite are known. Finally, the accuracy of the designed receiver is validated using an EKF-based stationary positioning algorithm with an adaptive measurement matrix. Satellite detection and Doppler tracking results are analyzed for each satellite. The positioning results for a stationary receiver showed an accuracy of about 132 m, which means 72% accuracy advancements compared to single constellation positioning.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Madhu2020,

title = {New multi-step iterative methods for solving systems of nonlinear equations and their application on GNSS pseudorange equations},

author = {Kalyanasundaram Madhu and Arul Elango and René Jr Landry and MoTassem Al-Arydah},

url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20215976, Paper Link 

https://lassena.etsmtl.ca/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/J33-New-Multi-Step-Iterative-Methods-for-Solving-Systems-of-Nonlinear-Equations-and-Their-Application-on-GNSS-Pseudorange-Equations.pdf, Download PDF},

doi = {10.3390/s20215976},

issn = {14248220},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-01-01},

urldate = {2020-01-01},

journal = {Sensors},

volume = {20},

number = {21},

publisher = {MDPI AG},

abstract = {A two-step fifth and a multi-step 5+3𝑟 

 order iterative method are derived, 𝑟≥1 

 for finding the solution of system of nonlinear equations. The new two-step fifth order method requires two functions, two first order derivatives, and the multi-step methods needs a additional function per step. The performance of this method has been tested with finding solutions to several test problems then applied to solving pseudorange nonlinear equations on Global Navigation Satellite Signal (GNSS). To solve the problem, at least four satellite’s measurements are needed to locate the user position and receiver time offset. In this work, a number of satellites from 4 to 8 are considered such that the number of equations is more than the number of unknown variables to calculate the user position. Moreover, the Geometrical Dilution of Precision (GDOP) values are computed based on the satellite selection algorithm (fuzzy logic method) which could be able to bring the best suitable combination of satellites. We have restricted the number of satellites to 4 to 6 for solving the pseudorange equations to get better GDOP value even after increasing the number of satellites beyond six also yields a 0.4075 GDOP value. Actually, the conventional methods utilized in the position calculation module of the GNSS receiver typically converge with six iterations for finding the user position whereas the proposed method takes only three iterations which really decreases the computation time which provide quicker position calculation. A practical study was done to evaluate the computation efficiency index (CE) and efficiency index (IE) of the new model. From the simulation outcomes, it has been noted that the new method is more efficient and converges 33% faster than the conventional iterative methods with good accuracy of 92%.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Shahzad2020,

title = {An efficient emerging network and secured hopping scheme employed over the unsecured public channels},

author = {Aamir Shahzad and Kaiwen Zhang and René Jr. Landry and Neal Xiong and Young-Gab Kim},

url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1550147720916384, Paper Link 

https://lassena.etsmtl.ca/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/J43-An-efficient-emerging-network-and-secured-hopping-scheme-employed-over-the-unsecured-public-channels.pdf, Download PDF},

doi = {10.1177/1550147720916384},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-01-01},

urldate = {2020-01-01},

journal = {International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks},

volume = {16},

number = {4},

publisher = {Sage},

abstract = {With the emergence of new smart technologies, including the Internet of Things, wireless media are playing an important role to connect numerous devices to fulfill the requirements of newly developed communication systems. The massive connectivity, therefore, made the wireless spectrum too crowded and gave several challenges to resisting against potential wireless jammers. Note that, the two main challenges that have always been a part of any communication system, especially in the case of wireless communication, are information security and information jamming. Carefully considering the given challenges, this study uses a new advanced anti-jamming approach, a modulation technique based on the frequency-hopping spread spectrum, which has notably high resistance accounted against various potential jammers. The objective of this study is two-fold. First, the physical channel properties are considered, and the random bits are transmitted, employing a cryptographic secured hoping-spread pattern, having a set of carrier frequencies, known at both sides of the transmission. Second, the hashing code is computed only for the key, and transmitted along the original hopset, but with distinct frequencies set. The deployed practical anti-jamming approach, therefore, computed a high efficiency to examine the information secrecy well and primarily the connection availability even in the presence of the jammers. Moreover, this study considered and modeled a communication system and evaluated the proposed system’s performance, applying the theories of Shannon’s entropy and Wyner’s entropy (i.e. Wyner’s wiretap channel), to anticipate the system’s perfect secrecy, even in the worst case when jammer has unlimited computational capabilities.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Benzerrouk2019,

title = {Iridium Next LEO Satellites as an Alternative PNT in GNSS Denied Environments – Part 1},

author = {Hamza Benzerrouk and Fang Xiaoxing and Rene Jr. Landry and Abdessamad Amrhar and Nguyen Anh-Quang and Hamza Rasaee},

editor = {Inside GNSS Magazine},

url = {https://insidegnss.com/iridium-next-leo-satellites-as-an-alternative-pnt-in-gnss-denied-environments-part-1, Paper Link},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-06-19},

urldate = {2019-06-19},

journal = {Inside GNSS Magazine},

abstract = {The problem of Position Determination based on Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites signal of opportunity in uncovered and denied GNSS areas such as oceanic regions, north regions and deserts can be significant one. How to maintain tracking information of airlines especially during distress and emergency? To achieve that, a new design for Search and Rescue (SAR) positioning information is developed. Position and speed of the transceiver could be estimated based on distributed Doppler information fusion from LEO satellites. In emergency cases, especially when considering an aircraft, dynamic, trajectory, antenna axis rotation or any other obstruction or damage makes the positioning as well as the tracking of the aircraft are very difficult to achieve and are non-resilient. This article shows a proof of concept of the innovative solution under development, by selecting Iridium Next LEO constellation, considered as an emerging upgraded satellite technology, and privileged for search and rescue applications. Post processing based on experimental data collection demonstrated very good performances and a first experimental and theoretical results show very promising results for position determination using Doppler shift estimation and analysis.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Benzerrouk2019b,

title = {LEO satellites based Doppler positioning using distributed nonlinear estimation},

author = {Hamza Benzerrouk and Quang Nguyen and Fang Xiaoxing and Abdessamad Amrhar and Hamza Rasaee and Rene Jr Landry},

url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2019.11.292, Paper Link 

https://lassena.etsmtl.ca/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/J46-LEO-satellites-based-Doppler-positioning-using-distributed-nonlinear-estimation.pdf, Download PDF},

doi = {10.1016/j.ifacol.2019.11.292},

issn = {24058963 (ISSN)},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-01-01},

urldate = {2019-01-01},

journal = {IFAC-PapersOnLine},

volume = {52},

number = {12},

pages = {496–501},

publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},

abstract = {This paper addresses an original problem of Position Determination based on spacecraft’s signal of opportunity in uncovered Radar areas such as oceanic regions, north regions and deserts. How to maintain tracking information of airlines especially during distress and emergency? to achieve that, a new design for Search and Rescue (SAR) positioning information is developed. Position and speed of the target are estimated based on distributed Doppler information fusion from Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites. In this paper, Iridium Next LEO constellation is considered as an emerging technology, and privileged for search and rescue applications. Simulations based on experimental data collection demonstrated very good performances. The new Position Determination architecture requires nonlinear least square and filtering algorithms based on Lederberg-Marquart (LM) and extended Kalman filter (EKF). A first experimental and theoretical results show very promising results for position determination using Doppler shift estimation and analysis.},

note = {Thématique : 21st IFAC Symposium on Automatic Control in Aerospace ACA (Cranfield, United Kingdom, Aug. 27-30, 2019)},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Getu2019,

title = {Toward overcoming a hidden terminal problem arising in MIMO cognitive radio networks: a tensor-based spectrum sensing algorithm},

author = {Tilahun M. Getu and Wessam Ajib and René Jr. Landry and Georges Kaddoum},

url = {https://doi.org/10.1109/TVT.2019.2933857, Paper Link 

https://lassena.etsmtl.ca/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/J45-Toward-Overcoming-a-Hidden-Terminal-Problem-Arising-in-MIMO-Cognitive-Radio-Networks-A-Tensor-Based-Spectrum-Sensing-Algorithm.pdf, Download PDF},

doi = {10.1109/TVT.2019.2933857},

issn = {00189545 (ISSN)},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-01-01},

urldate = {2019-01-01},

journal = {IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology},

volume = {68},

number = {10},

pages = {9833–9847},

publisher = {Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},

abstract = {As the main enablers of cognitive radio (CR), numerous spectrum sensing techniques have been proposed to date. Despite the numerous techniques, the existing spectrum sensing techniques tend to fail in rendering an efficient spectrum sensing whenever a hidden terminal problem arises. Meanwhile, this problem can happen at any time in any severely fading primary-to-secondary channels resulting in very low primary signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) and hence ineffective detection of the primary user. Toward overcoming this problem, by introducing a tensor-based hypothesis testing framework, this paper proposes an efficient tensor-based detector (TBD) for a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) CR networks over multi-path fading channels. For the proposed spectrum sensing technique, insightful asymptotic performance analyses are provided and Monte-Carlo simulations that assess its performance have been conducted. These simulations corroborate that TBD outperforms the generalized likelihood ratio test (GLRT) detector and the maximum-minimum eigenvalue (MME) detector, especially in the very low SNR regime which is a manifestation of the hidden terminal problem. Moreover, the simulations validate the derived asymptotic performance characterizations.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Zambrano2019,

title = {Simulation/optimization modeling for robust satellite data unit for airborne network},

author = {J. Zambrano and R. Jr. Landry and O. A. Yeste-Ojeda},

url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/1.D0104, Paper Link 

https://lassena.etsmtl.ca/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/J57-Simulation-Optimization-Modeling-for-Robust-Satellite-Data-Unit-for-Airborne-Network.pdf, Download PDF},

doi = {10.2514/1.D0104},

issn = {2380-9450},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-01-01},

urldate = {2019-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Air Transportation},

volume = {27},

number = {1},

pages = {39–50},

publisher = {AIAA - American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics},

abstract = {The objective of this paper is to present a Simulink model–based approach for simulation and optimization of a robust satellite data unit (SDU) able to deliver safety and nonsafety aeronautical mobile satellite services, including capabilities to operate in an airborne network. For this purpose, analysis and modeling of the main avionics system signals and data traffic to be treated in an SDU were performed. The main contribution here is the design of the SDU data traffic model, which integrates different simulation models in avionics systems, such as automatic dependent surveillance—broadcast, aircraft communications addressing and reporting system, and in-flight connectivity for future implementation and optimization, thus allowing the characterization of a device onboard in a modular framework. To conclude, this paper describes a modeling and analysis tool aimed at providing the aviation industry with the means to reduce the amount of equipment onboard (and thus the weight of aircraft to reduce fuel consumption) and fulfill passengers’ demand for connectivity. Finally, note that this modeling is a step further toward the development of a device that ensures greater operational safety and ease of repair and maintenance.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Andrianarison2018,

title = {New Strategy of Collaborative Acquisition for Connected GNSS Receivers in Deep Urban Environments},

author = {Maherizo Andrianarison and Mohamed Sahmoudi and Rene Jr. Landry},

url = {https://doi.org/10.4236/pos.2018.93003, Paper Link https://www.scirp.org/journal/paperinformation?paperid=86277 

https://lassena.etsmtl.ca/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/J51-New-Strategy-of-Collaborative-Acquisition-for-Connected-GNSS-Receivers-in-Deep-Urban-Environments.pdf, Download PDF},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.4236/pos.2018.93003},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-08-10},

urldate = {2018-08-10},

journal = {Positioning},

volume = {9},

issue = {3},

abstract = {Collaborative Positioning (CP) is a better localization technique used to locate a user in challenged environments, which is driven by the increasing presence of cellular phones and mobile devices in urban areas. The basic idea is that the mobile devices can cooperate with each other to improve their ability to determine their position. In this concept, a network of GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) receivers can collectively receive available satellite signals, and each receiver can receive signal measurements from other receivers via a communication link. This work shows how to use the Collective Detection (CD) approach to deal with the concept of collaborative or cooperative positioning. Specifically, this paper develops a new strategy allowing a receiver in deep urban environment to locate using the CD approach, while overcoming the implementation complexity problem. The idea consists in applying the CD approach in the case of multiple GNSS receivers to assist a receiver in a difficult situation. A typical case of two connected receivers assisting a receiver in difficulty in a deep urban area shows the effectiveness of this strategy. This strategy is tested with real GNSS signals to analyze its feasibility. The overall gain in complexity can reach up to 46% of what has been achieved in previous works.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokeyh,

title = {A Review of the Acquisition of GNSS Signals in Space},

author = {Jérôme Leclère and Rene Jr. Landry and Cyril Botteron},

editor = {IEEE},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-03-01},

journal = {Transactions on Aerospace and Electronics Systems},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokeyi,

title = {Comparison of Narrowband and Wideband GNSS Signals Acquisition},

author = {Jérôme Leclère and Rene Jr. Landry and Cyril Botteron},

editor = {Sensors},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-01-06},

journal = {Sensors},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Andrianarison2018b,

title = {New approach of high sensitivity techniques using collective detection method with multiple GNSS receivers},

author = {Maherizo Andrianarison and René Jr. Landry},

url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18113690, Paper Link 

https://lassena.etsmtl.ca/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/J52-New-Approach-of-High-Sensitivity-Techniques-Using-Collective-Detection-Method-with-Multiple-GNSS-Receivers.pdf, Download PDF},

doi = {10.3390/s18113690},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-01-01},

urldate = {2018-01-01},

journal = {Sensors},

volume = {18},

number = {11},

publisher = {MDPI},

abstract = {The Collective Detection (CD) technique is a promising approach to meet the requirements for signal acquisition in GNSS-harsh environments. The CD approach has been proposed because of its potential to operate as both a direct positioning method and a high-sensitivity acquisition method. This paper is dedicated to the development of a new CD architecture for processing satellite signals in challenging environments. It proposes the best signal acquisition method used according to the reception conditions of the different receivers that can assist the user in difficulty. Knowing that the CD approach is beneficial in the case where the maximum of satellite signals can be combined, the proposed approach consists in choosing the best receiver(s) from several connected receivers to serve as a reference station, as smart cooperative navigation concept. New metrics of the CD with optimal weighting of visible satellites are exploited. Analysis of optimization method in order to use better satellites according to some defined parameters (elevation, C/N0 , and GDOP) were carried out. Real GPS L1 C/A signals are exploited to analyze the efficiency of the proposed approach. A comparison of the results through the accumulation of some good satellites among all visible satellites have shown the effectiveness of this method.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Beaudoin2018,

title = {Observability of satellite launcher navigation with INS, GPS, attitude sensors and reference trajectory},

author = {Yanick Beaudoin and André Desbiens and Eric Gagnon and René Jr. Landry},

url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.actaastro.2017.10.038, Paper Link 

https://lassena.etsmtl.ca/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/J48-Observability-of-satellite-launcher-navigation-with-INS-GPS-attitude-sensors-and-reference-trajectory.pdf, Download PDF},

doi = {10.1016/j.actaastro.2017.10.038},

issn = {00945765},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-01-01},

urldate = {2018-01-01},

journal = {Acta Astronautica},

volume = {142},

pages = {277–288},

publisher = {Elsevier Ltd},

abstract = {The navigation system of a satellite launcher is of paramount importance. In order to correct the trajectory of the launcher, the position, velocity and attitude must be known with the best possible precision. In this paper, the observability of four navigation solutions is investigated. The first one is the INS/GPS couple. Then, attitude reference sensors, such as magnetometers, are added to the INS/GPS solution. The authors have already demonstrated that the reference trajectory could be used to improve the navigation performance. This approach is added to the two previously mentioned navigation systems. For each navigation solution, the observability is analyzed with different sensor error models. First, sensor biases are neglected. Then, sensor biases are modelled as random walks and as first order Markov processes. 

The observability is tested with the rank and condition number of the observability matrix, the time evolution of the covariance matrix and sensitivity to measurement outlier tests. The covariance matrix is exploited to evaluate the correlation between states in order to detect structural unobservability problems. Finally, when an unobservable subspace is detected, the result is verified with theoretical analysis of the navigation equations. 

The results show that evaluating only the observability of a model does not guarantee the ability of the aiding sensors to correct the INS estimates within the mission time. The analysis of the covariance matrix time evolution could be a powerful tool to detect this situation, however in some cases, the problem is only revealed with a sensitivity to measurement outlier test. None of the tested solutions provide GPS position bias observability. For the considered mission, the modelling of the sensor biases as random walks or Markov processes gives equivalent results. Relying on the reference trajectory can improve the precision of the roll estimates. But, in the context of a satellite launcher, the roll estimation error and gyroscope bias are only observable if attitude reference sensors are present.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Fang2018,

title = {Onboard trajectory generation for gyroplane unpowered landing based on optimal lift-to-drag ratio target},

author = {Xiaoxing Fang and Yingxun Wang and René Jr. Landry},

url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ast.2018.09.023, Paper Link 

https://lassena.etsmtl.ca/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/J50-Onboard-trajectory-generation-for-gyroplane-unpowered-landing-based-on-optimal-lift-to-drag-ratio-target.pdf, Download PDF},

doi = {10.1016/j.ast.2018.09.023},

issn = {12709638},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-01-01},

urldate = {2018-01-01},

journal = {Aerospace Science and Technology},

volume = {82-83},

pages = {438–449},

publisher = {Elsevier Masson SAS},

abstract = {To achieve the autonomous unpowered landing for gyroplanes, an onboard trajectory generation method is presented in this paper. As a pivotal variable in the proposed method, the Lift-to-Drag Ratio will be uniquely determined in different phases by finding the maximum for the energy margin during approaching and the energy decrease at terminal landing. Especially, autorotation constraint, the primary requirement of gyroplanes for flight stability, has been considered as a limitation factor through this procedure. Furthermore, a geometrically constrained three-dimensional trajectory profile is employed, in which a multi-circle Heading Align Cone is proposed to improve its applicability. Accordingly, a predictor–corrector algorithm is derived and described for trajectory generation with initial variance and terminal requirements. Employing the algorithm onboard, by adjusting few geometric parameters dynamically, a feasible trajectory reference that meets the specified constraints can be generated efficiently. Results from numerical calculation and closed-loop simulation under different scenarios demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of the approach.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Getu2018,

title = {Power-based broadband RF interference detector for wireless communication systems},

author = {Tilahun M. Getu and Wessam Ajib and René Jr. Landry},

url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/LWC.2018.2845373, Paper Link 

https://lassena.etsmtl.ca/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/J49-Power-Based-Broadband-RF-Interference-Detector-for-Wireless-Communication-Systems.pdf, Download PDF},

doi = {10.1109/LWC.2018.2845373},

issn = {21622337},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-01-01},

urldate = {2018-01-01},

journal = {IEEE Wireless Communications Letters},

volume = {7},

number = {6},

pages = {1002–1005},

publisher = {IEEE},

abstract = {As broadband radio frequency interference (RFI) affects various systems operating radio frequencies, it has to be detected and mitigated. Accordingly, a computationally simple power-based detector (PD) is investigated. By assuming reception over the Nakagami-m fading channels, exact closed-form expressions for the probabilities of RFI detection and of false alarm are derived and validated via simulations. Simulations also demonstrate that PD outperforms kurtosis detector.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Beaudoin2018b,

title = {Satellite launcher navigation with one versus three IMUs: Sensor positioning and data fusion model analysis},

author = {Yanick Beaudoin and André Desbiens and Eric Gagnon and René Jr. Landry},

url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18061872, Paper Link 

https://lassena.etsmtl.ca/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/J59-Satellite-Launcher-Navigation-with-One-Versus-Three-IMUs-Sensor-Positioning-and-Data-Fusion-Model-Analysis.pdf, Download PDF},

doi = {10.3390/s18061872},

issn = {14248220},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-01-01},

urldate = {2018-01-01},

journal = {Sensors},

volume = {18},

number = {6},

publisher = {MDPI AG},

abstract = {Using multiple IMUs allows both their distribution along vehicle structures and a reliance on integration methods, which is not possible with a single IMU. This paper addresses the issue of relying on three IMUs instead of only one of a higher quality in the context of a satellite launcher. The impact of the IMU positions was tested by comparing collocated IMUs against IMUs installed in the head of each launcher stage. For multi-IMU configurations, three integration methods were tested: all IMUs fused in a single INS, multiple INSs fused in a stacked filter, and multiple INSs fused in a stacked filter with geometrical constraints. All navigation solutions were aided by a three-axis attitude reference sensor and were tested with and without a GPS receiver. The results show that distributing IMUs along the launcher structure does not improve navigation performances compared to having them collocated. The fusion of multiple IMUs in one INS provides equivalent results as one IMU. However, fusing multiple INSs greatly reduces estimation errors. Performances are further improved with the addition of geometrical constraints. During long GPS outages, relative velocity and position constraints should not be exploited, as they may lead to filter divergence.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Getu2018b,

title = {Simple F-Test based spectrum sensing techniques for multi-antenna cognitive radios},

author = {Tilahun M. Getu and Wessam Ajib and René Landry},

url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TCOMM.2018.2846239, Paper Link 

https://lassena.etsmtl.ca/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/J54-Simple-F-Test-Based-Spectrum-Sensing-Techniques-for-Multi-Antenna-Cognitive-Radios.pdf, Download PDF},

doi = {10.1109/TCOMM.2018.2846239},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-01-01},

urldate = {2018-01-01},

journal = {IEEE Transactions on Communications},

volume = {66},

number = {11},

pages = {5081–5096},

publisher = {IEEE},

abstract = {An F-test detector with a simple analytical false alarm threshold expression is considered an alternative to the blind detectors which exhibit complicated analytical expressions. However, the existing F-test requires the channel state information (CSI) as a prior knowledge and is known to be sensitive to CSI estimation errors. In this paper, we present and evaluate simple F-test-based spectrum sensing techniques that do not require the knowledge of CSI for multi-antenna cognitive radios. Exact and asymptotic analytical performance closed-form expressions are derived for the presented detectors. Simulations assess the performance of the presented detectors and validate the derived closed-form expressions. For an additive noise exhibiting the same variance across multiple-antenna frontends, simulations also corroborate that the presented detectors are constant false alarm rate detectors which are robust against noise uncertainty.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Nguyen2018,

title = {Application of phase modulation enabling secure automatic dependent surveillance-broadcast},

author = {A. -Q. Nguyen and A. Amrhar and J. Zambrano and G. Brown and R. Jr. Landry and O. Yeste},

url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/1.D0111, Paper Link 

https://lassena.etsmtl.ca/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/J55-Application-of-Phase-Modulation-for-Secure-Automatic-Dependent-Surveillance-Broadcast.pdf, Download PDF},

doi = {10.2514/1.D0111},

issn = {2380-9450},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-01-01},

urldate = {2018-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Air Transportation},

volume = {26},

number = {4},

pages = {157–170},

publisher = {AIAA - American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics},

abstract = {As a mandatory system for the Next Generation Air Transporation System (NextGen), Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B) has become one of the most critical avionic systems for future aviation. However, the system’s vulnerability and insecurity have also raised both specific concerns and controversies. In this Paper, the authors propose using phase shift keying modulation to overcome the well-known issues related to this avionic. By combining phase shift keying modulation with the pulse position modulation of standard ADS-B, this Secure ADS-B (SADS-B) shows not only the possibility of quintupling the payload of the predecessor but also the compatibility with the standards, requirements, and infrastructures of the ADS-B In/Out currently in use. To demonstrate the feasibility of this approach and outcomes of the research, this Paper contains both hardware-in-the-loop simulations and flight-test results of the proposed SADS-B. From these results, it can be seen that, on the one hand, by encrypting the extra phase-modulated bits to create digital signatures, SADS-B is capable of authenticating messages, thus increasing the robustness and security level of the system against hazardously misleading information attacks; on the other hand, the extra bits integrated into SADS-B can represent the answer needed to enhance the capacities and efficiency of the ADS-B for future avionics and different applications.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Derbel2018,

title = {Belief and fuzzy theories for driving behavior assessment in case of accident scenarios},

author = {Oussama Derbel and René Jr. Landry},

url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12239-018-0016-1, Paper Link 

https://lassena.etsmtl.ca/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/J60-Belief-and-fuzzy-theories-for-driving-behavior-assessment-in-case-of-accident-scenarios.pdf, Download PDF},

doi = {10.1007/s12239-018-0016-1},

issn = {12299138},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-01-01},

urldate = {2018-01-01},

journal = {International Journal of Automotive Technology},

volume = {19},

number = {1},

pages = {167–177},

publisher = {Korean Society of Automotive Engineers},

abstract = {The estimation of the overspeed risk before the accident is among the main goals of this paper. The proposed method uses the Energy Equivalent Speed (EES) to assess the severity of an eventual accident. However, the driver behavior evaluation should take into account the parameters related to the Driver, the Vehicle and the Environment (DVE) system. For this purpose, this paper considers a two-level strategy to predict the global risk of an event using the Dempster-Shafer Theory (DST) and the Fuzzy Theory (FT). This paper presents two methods to develop the Expert Model-based Basic Probability Assignment (EM based BPA), which is the most important task in the DST. The first one is based on the accident statistics and the second method deals with the relationship between the Fuzzy and Belief measurements. The experimental data is collected by one driver using our test vehicle and a Micro-intelligent Black Box (Micro-iBB) to collect the driving data. The sensitivity of the developed models is analysed. Our main evaluation concerns the Usage Based Insurance (UBI) applications based on the driving behavior. So, the obtained masses over the defined referential subsets in the DST are used as a score to compute the driver’s insurance premium.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Leclère2018,

title = {Comparison of L1 and L5 bands GNSS signals acquisition},

author = {Jérôme Leclère and René Landry and Cyril Botteron},

url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18092779, Paper Link 

https://lassena.etsmtl.ca/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/J58-Comparison-of-L1-and-L5-Bands-GNSS-Signals-Acquisition.pdf, Download PDF},

doi = {10.3390/s18092779},

issn = {14248220},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-01-01},

urldate = {2018-01-01},

journal = {Sensors},

volume = {18},

number = {9},

publisher = {MDPI AG},

abstract = {Nowadays, civil Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) signals are available in both L1 and L5 bands. A receiver does not need to acquire independently the signals in both bands coming from a same satellite, since their carrier Doppler and code delay are closely related. Therefore, the question of which one to acquire first rises naturally. Although the common thought would tell the L1 band signals which are narrowband, an accurate comparison has never been done, and the decision is not as easy as it seems. Indeed, L5 band signals have several advantages such as stronger power, lower carrier Doppler, or a pilot channel, unlike the Global Positioning System (GPS) L1 C/A signal. The goal of this paper is therefore to compare the acquisition of L1 and L5 bands signals (GPS L1 C/A and L5, Galileo E1 and E5a/b) to determine which one is more complex and by which factor, in terms of processing time and memory, considering hardware receivers and the parallel code search. The results show that overall the L5 band signals are more complex to acquire, but it depends strongly on the conditions. The E5 signal is always more complex to acquire than E1, while the L5 signal can have a complexity close to the L1 C/A in some cases. Moreover, precise assistance providing accurate Doppler could significantly reduce the L5 complexity below the L1 complexity.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Goudarzi2017,

title = {Assessing horizontal positional accuracy of Google Earth imagery in the city of Montreal, Canada},

author = {Mohammad Ali Goudarzi and René Jr Landry},

url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/20296991.2017.1330767, Paper Link 

https://lassena.etsmtl.ca/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/Assessing-horizontal-positional-Accuracy-of-google-earthimagery-in-the-city-of-montreal-Canada.pdf, Download PDF},

doi = {10.3846/20296991.2017.1330767},

year  = {2017},

date = {2017-01-01},

urldate = {2017-01-01},

journal = {Geodesy and Cartography},

volume = {43},

number = {2},

pages = {56–65},

publisher = {Taylor and Francis Ltd.},

abstract = {The horizontal positional accuracy of Google Earth is assessed in the city of Montreal, Canada, using the precise coordinates of ten GPS points spatially distributed all over the city. The results show that the positional accuracy varies in the study area between ∼0.1 m in the south to ∼2.7 m in the north. Furthermore, two methods are developed for correcting the observed positional errors: (a) using a set of transformation parameters between true coordinates of the geodetic points and their coordinates in Google Earth, and by (b) interpolating the misfit vectors at the geodetic points. The former method reduces the overall accuracy to ∼67 cm RMSE, whereas the latter one practically removes all the distortion (RMSE = 1 cm). Both methods can be developed for other places in the world subject to availability of appropriate control points. In addition, a displacement problem caused by the topography of the area and the viewing angle of the imaging satellite is discussed, and it is shown that the true positions can be shifted even up to several meters, as a consequence.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{eprints_etsmtl216545,

title = {Collision vehicle detection system based on GPS/INS integration},

author = {Neda Navidi and René Jr. Landry},

url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/jcc.2017.52006},

doi = {10.4236/jcc.2017.52006},

year  = {2017},

date = {2017-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Computer and Communications},

volume = {5},

number = {2},

pages = {48–70},

publisher = {Scientific Research},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{eprints_etsmtl214708,

title = {Driver behavior assessment in case of critical driving situations},

author = {Oussama Derbel and René Jr. Landry},

url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1587/transfun.E100.A.491},

doi = {10.1587/transfun.E100.A.491},

issn = {09168508},

year  = {2017},

date = {2017-01-01},

journal = {IEICE Transactions on Fundamentals of Electronics, Communications and Computer Sciences},

volume = {E100A},

number = {2},

pages = {491–498},

publisher = {Maruzen Co., Ltd.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{eprints_etsmtl216543,

title = {Efficient and innovative techniques for collective acquisition of weak GNSS signals},

author = {Maherizo Andrianarison and Mohamed Sahmoudi and René Jr Landry},

url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/jcc.2017.56006},

doi = {10.4236/jcc.2017.56006},

year  = {2017},

date = {2017-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Computer and Communications},

volume = {5},

number = {6},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{eprints_etsmtl216859,

title = {Location detection of vehicular accident using global navigation satellite systems/inertial measurement units navigator},

author = {Neda Navidi and René Jr Landry},

url = {https://waset.org/publications/10007604/location-detection-of-vehicular-accident-using-global-navigation-satellite-systems-inertial-measurement-units-navigator-},

year  = {2017},

date = {2017-01-01},

journal = {International Journal of Electrical and Information Engineering},

volume = {11},

number = {8},

pages = {938–945},

publisher = {World Academy of Science},

note = {19th International Conference on Control Systems and Transportation Engineering (ICCSTE 2017)},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{eprints_etsmtl213088,

title = {A new cellular architecture for information retrieval from sensor networks through embedded service and security protocols},

author = {Aamir Shahzad and René Landry and Malrey Lee and Naixue Xiong and Jongho Lee and Changhoon Lee},

url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s16060821},

doi = {10.3390/s16060821},

issn = {14248220},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-01},

journal = {Sensors},

volume = {16},

number = {6},

publisher = {MDPI AG},

abstract = {Substantial changes have occurred in the Information Technology (IT) sectors and with these changes, the demand for remote access to field sensor information has increased. This allows visualization, monitoring, and control through various electronic devices, such as laptops, tablets, i-Pads, PCs, and cellular phones. The smart phone is considered as a more reliable, faster and efficient device to access and monitor industrial systems and their corresponding information interfaces anywhere and anytime. This study describes the deployment of a protocol whereby industrial system information can be securely accessed by cellular phones via a Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition (SCADA) server. To achieve the study goals, proprietary protocol interconnectivity with non-proprietary protocols and the usage of interconnectivity services are considered in detail. They support the visualization of the SCADA system information, and the related operations through smart phones. The intelligent sensors are configured and designated to process real information via cellular phones by employing information exchange services between the proprietary protocol and non-proprietary protocols. SCADA cellular access raises the issue of security flaws. For these challenges, a cryptography-based security method is considered and deployed, and it could be considered as a part of a proprietary protocol. Subsequently, transmission flows from the smart phones through a cellular network.},

note = {Identifiant de l'article: art821},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{eprints_etsmtl213087,

title = {A new technique for integrating MEMS-based low-cost IMU and GPS in vehicular navigation},

author = {Neva Navidi and René J. Landry and Jianhua Cheng and Denis Gingras},

url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/5365983},

doi = {10.1155/2016/5365983},

issn = {1687-725X},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Sensors},

volume = {2016},

publisher = {Hindawi Publishing Corporation},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{eprints_etsmtl213922,

title = {Driver behavior assessment based on the G-G diagram in the DVE system},

author = {Oussama Derbel and René Jr. Landry},

url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2016.08.014},

doi = {10.1016/j.ifacol.2016.08.014},

issn = {24058963},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-01},

journal = {IFAC-PapersOnLine},

volume = {49},

number = {11},

pages = {89–94},

publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},

note = {Thématique : 8th IFAC Symposium on Advances in Automotive Control AAC (Norrköping, Sweden, June 20-23, 2016)},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{eprints_etsmtl213288,

title = {Implementation strategies for a universal acquisition and tracking channel applied to real GNSS signals},

author = {Marc-Antoine Fortin and René Landry},

url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s16050624},

doi = {10.3390/s16050624},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-01},

journal = {Sensors},

volume = {16},

number = {5},

abstract = {This paper presents a universal GNSS receiver channel capable of tracking any civil GNSS signal. This fundamentally differs from dedicated channels, each customized for a given signal. A mobile device could integrate fewer universal channels to harvest all available signals. This would allow securing signal availability, while minimizing power consumption and chip size, thus maximizing battery lifetime. In fact, the universal channel allows sequential acquisition and tracking of any chipping rate, carrier frequency, FDMA channel, modulation, or constellation, and is totally configurable (any integration time, any discriminator, etc.). It can switch from one signal to another in 1.07 ms, making it possible for the receiver to rapidly adapt to its sensed environment. All this would consume 3.5 mW/channel in an ASIC implementation, i.e., with a slight overhead compared to the original GPS L1 C/A dedicated channel from which it was derived. After extensive surveys on GNSS signals and tracking channels, this paper details the implementation strategies that led to the proposed universal channel architecture. Validation is achieved using GNSS signals issued from different constellations, frequency bands, modulations and spreading code schemes. A discussion on acquisition approaches and conclusive remarks follow, which open up a new signal selection challenge, rather than satellite selection.},

note = {Identifiant de l'article: 624},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{eprints_etsmtl212683,

title = {Low-cost GPS-INS integrated land-vehicular navigation system for harsh environments using hybrid mamdani AFIS/KF model},

author = {Néda Navidi and René Jr Landry},

url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.17265/2328-2142/2016.01.004},

doi = {10.17265/2328-2142/2016.01.004},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering},

volume = {4},

number = {1},

pages = {23–33},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}